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电度表的工作原理和分类有哪些?

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  电度表也叫做电能表,指测量各种电学量的仪表。随着我国经济的飞速发展,各行各业对电的需求越来越大,不同时间用电量不均衡的现象也日益严重。为缓解我国日趋尖锐的电力供需矛盾,调节负荷曲线,改善用电量不均衡的现象,全面实行峰、平、谷分时电价制度,“削峰填谷”,提高全国的用电效率,合理利用电力资源,国内部分省市的电力部门已开始逐步推出了多费率电能表,对用户的用电量分时计费。如今电度表应用在我们生活的方方面面之中。下面小编来介绍一下电度表的工作原理和分类有哪些?

  一.电度表的工作原理是什么?

电度表的工作原理和分类有哪些?

 

  当把电能表接入被测电路时,电流线圈和电压线圈中就有交变电流流过,这两个交变电流分别在它们的铁芯中产生交变的磁通;交变磁通穿过铝盘,在铝盘中感应出涡流;涡流又在磁场中受到力的作用,从而使铝盘得到转矩(主动力矩)而转动。负载消耗的功率越大,通过电流线圈的电流越大,铝盘中感应出的涡流也越大,使铝盘转动的力矩就越大。即转矩的大小跟负载消耗的功率成正比。功率越大,转矩也越大,铝盘转动也就越快。铝盘转动时,又受到永久磁铁产生的制动力矩的作用,制动力矩与主动力矩方向相反;制动力矩的大小与铝盘的转速成正比,铝盘转动得越快,制动力矩也越大。当主动力矩与制动力矩达到暂时平衡时,铝盘将匀速转动。负载所消耗的电能与铝盘的转数成正比。铝盘转动时,带动计数器,把所消耗的电能指示出来。这就是电能表工作的简单过程。

  二.常用电能表的分类有哪些?

  (1)电能表按其使用的电路可分为直流电能表和交流电能表。交流电能表按其相线又可分为单相电能表、三相三线电能表和三相四线电能表。

  (2)电能表按其工作原理可分为电气机械式电能表和电子式电能表(又称静止式电能表、固态式电能表)。电气机械式电能表用于交流电路作为普通的电能测量仪表,其中最常用的是感应型电能表。电子式电能表可分为全电子式电能表和机电式电能表。

  (3)电能表按其结构可分为整体式电能表和分体式电能表。

  (4)电能表按其用途可分为有功电能表、无功电能表、最大需量表、标准电能表、复费率分时电能表、预付费电能表、损耗电能表和多功能电能表等。

  (5)电能表按其准确度等级可分为普通安装式电能表(0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0级)和携带式精密级电能表(0.01、0.02、0.05、0.1、0.2级)。[2]

  以上就是本篇文章的全部内容,如果您想要了解更多关于电度表的相关知识,请关注本网站!

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